Blog #10: Abstract and Works Cited
Abstract
Experts estimate that about 80% of crop circles are of human origin, while 20% remain unexplained (Brown 3). Over the past 30 years, all crop circles have increased in complexity and depth of symbolism, suggesting an evolution in crop circles of both human and unknown origins. This paper explores whether competition among crop circle artists or “croppies” has led to that complexity along with evolution and whether other agents (such as alien beings of extraterrestrial origin) have created some of the more complex crop circles that feature a message designed to warn humans about the rising dangers posed by technology and environmental degradation, as has been demonstrated by interpreters of crop circles of unknown origin where context clues were used to decipher the symbolism.
Experts estimate that about 80% of crop circles are of human origin, while 20% remain unexplained (Brown 3). Over the past 30 years, all crop circles have increased in complexity and depth of symbolism, suggesting an evolution in crop circles of both human and unknown origins. This paper explores whether competition among crop circle artists or “croppies” has led to that complexity along with evolution and whether other agents (such as alien beings of extraterrestrial origin) have created some of the more complex crop circles that feature a message designed to warn humans about the rising dangers posed by technology and environmental degradation, as has been demonstrated by interpreters of crop circles of unknown origin where context clues were used to decipher the symbolism.
Keywords: crop circles, unexplained, evolution, complexity, decipher, symbolism, alien beings, context clues
Alexander, K., 2020. Lights in the Sky. [video] Available at: <https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B08GB3NN5C/ref=atv_hm_hom_1_c_iEgOEZ_2_1> [Accessed 25 April 2021].
Alexander, Steve. “The Milk Hill UFO Footage.” Temporary Temples, temporarytemples.co.uk/what-are-crop-circles/the-milk-hill-ufo-footage. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
Alexander, Steve, and Karen Alexander. Crop Circles: Signs, Wonders and Mysteries. Arcturus, 2014.
Brown, Bob. ABC News, ABC News Network, 29 Aug. 2006, 10:05,
abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=123864&page=1.
Caulfield, Brian. “The Story Behind Project 192: How a Salinas, Calif., Crop Circle Became Worldwide Puzzle.” The Official NVIDIA Blog, 5 Jan. 2014, blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2014/01/05/salinas-crop-circle-and-project-192/.
Ghidina, Marcia J. “Finding God in Grain: Crop Circles, Rationality, and the Construction of Spiritual Experience.” Symbolic Interaction, vol. 42, no. 2, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019, pp. 278–300, doi:10.1002/symb.386.
Irving, Rob, and Peter Brookesmith. “Crop Circles: The Art of the Hoax.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 15 Dec. 2009, www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/crop-circles-the-art-of-the-hoax-2524283/.
Jung, Carl Gustav. Psychology and Religion, Yale University Press, 1960. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/lib/rutgers-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3420942.
Jung, C. G., et al. Synchronicity : An Acausal Connecting Principle. (From Vol. 8. of the Collected Works of C. G. Jung) . With a New foreword by Sonu Shamdasani, Princeton University Press, 2012, doi:10.1515/9781400839162.
Kingsbury, Paul. “Go Figural: Crop Circle Research and the Extraordinary Rifts of Landscape.” Cultural Geographies, vol. 26, no. 1, SAGE Publications, 2019, pp. 3–22, doi:10.1177/1474474018814991.
Kroth, Jerry. Messages from the Gods: A Scientific Exposition on the Extraterrestrial Origin of Crop Circles. Genotype, 2019.
Pendergrass, McKenzie. “Crop Circles Explained.” Artifacts Journal // University of Missouri, artifactsjournal.missouri.edu/2015/08/crop-circles-explained/.
Radford, Benjamin. “The Crop Circle Mystery: A Closer Look.” LiveScience, Purch, 10 June 2017, www.livescience.com/26540-crop-circles.html.
Taylor, Richard. “The Crop Circle Evolves.” Nature, vol. 465, no. 7299, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2010, pp. 693–693, doi:10.1038/465693a.
Steiger, Brad, and Sherry Hanson Steiger, editors. “The UFO Mystery Grows.” The Gale Encyclopedia of the Unusual and Unexplained, vol. 3, Gale, Detroit, MI, 2003, pp. 290–301. Gale EBooks, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3406300289/GVRL?u=new67449&sid=GVRL&xid=dd3f4908. Accessed 8 Mar. 2021.
Youn, Soo. “Pictures of Crop Circle Tourism in England.” Travel, National Geographic, 19 Oct. 2018, www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/pictures-crop-circles-tourism-wiltshire-england. Accessed 10 Feb. 2021.
Works Cited
Alexander, K., 2020. Lights in the Sky. [video] Available at: <https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B08GB3NN5C/ref=atv_hm_hom_1_c_iEgOEZ_2_1> [Accessed 25 April 2021].
Alexander, Steve. “The Milk Hill UFO Footage.” Temporary Temples, temporarytemples.co.uk/what-are-crop-circles/the-milk-hill-ufo-footage. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
Alexander, Steve, and Karen Alexander. Crop Circles: Signs, Wonders and Mysteries. Arcturus, 2014.
Brown, Bob. ABC News, ABC News Network, 29 Aug. 2006, 10:05,
abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=123864&page=1.
Caulfield, Brian. “The Story Behind Project 192: How a Salinas, Calif., Crop Circle Became Worldwide Puzzle.” The Official NVIDIA Blog, 5 Jan. 2014, blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2014/01/05/salinas-crop-circle-and-project-192/.
Ghidina, Marcia J. “Finding God in Grain: Crop Circles, Rationality, and the Construction of Spiritual Experience.” Symbolic Interaction, vol. 42, no. 2, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019, pp. 278–300, doi:10.1002/symb.386.
Irving, Rob, and Peter Brookesmith. “Crop Circles: The Art of the Hoax.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 15 Dec. 2009, www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/crop-circles-the-art-of-the-hoax-2524283/.
Jung, Carl Gustav. Psychology and Religion, Yale University Press, 1960. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/lib/rutgers-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3420942.
Jung, C. G., et al. Synchronicity : An Acausal Connecting Principle. (From Vol. 8. of the Collected Works of C. G. Jung) . With a New foreword by Sonu Shamdasani, Princeton University Press, 2012, doi:10.1515/9781400839162.
Kingsbury, Paul. “Go Figural: Crop Circle Research and the Extraordinary Rifts of Landscape.” Cultural Geographies, vol. 26, no. 1, SAGE Publications, 2019, pp. 3–22, doi:10.1177/1474474018814991.
Kroth, Jerry. Messages from the Gods: A Scientific Exposition on the Extraterrestrial Origin of Crop Circles. Genotype, 2019.
Pendergrass, McKenzie. “Crop Circles Explained.” Artifacts Journal // University of Missouri, artifactsjournal.missouri.edu/2015/08/crop-circles-explained/.
Radford, Benjamin. “The Crop Circle Mystery: A Closer Look.” LiveScience, Purch, 10 June 2017, www.livescience.com/26540-crop-circles.html.
Taylor, Richard. “The Crop Circle Evolves.” Nature, vol. 465, no. 7299, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2010, pp. 693–693, doi:10.1038/465693a.
Steiger, Brad, and Sherry Hanson Steiger, editors. “The UFO Mystery Grows.” The Gale Encyclopedia of the Unusual and Unexplained, vol. 3, Gale, Detroit, MI, 2003, pp. 290–301. Gale EBooks, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3406300289/GVRL?u=new67449&sid=GVRL&xid=dd3f4908. Accessed 8 Mar. 2021.
Youn, Soo. “Pictures of Crop Circle Tourism in England.” Travel, National Geographic, 19 Oct. 2018, www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/pictures-crop-circles-tourism-wiltshire-england. Accessed 10 Feb. 2021.
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